Hydraulic transmission apparatus.



J. DE MARTINO.

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION APPARATUS.

I. DE MARTINO.

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED `1AN.2I, 1913.

Patented May11, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Inventor: vvo

SWIM all Yh our-Ion.

JOSEPH nr: MARTINO, F NEW YORK, Y., ASSIGNQB. 0F ONE-HALF T0 CHARLES W.GILLETT, QF NEW YQRK, N. Y.

HYDRAULIC, TRANSMISSION Arnannmus.

massen spannen' of raars saam. natented May 11, 1915.-,

` applicati@ med January 21. 191s- Serial 110.743.353.

To allwhomizmay concern: 'Similar numerals 0f reference designate A Beit known that I, Josnrrr Dn MARTINQ, @OrfeSpOud'lIlg parts in theseveral figures 55 a subject of the King of Italy, residin at 0fthQ'dFaWllllg. New York city, in the county of'Neyv ork ",lfhepresentinvention consists in the hereand State of New York, haveinvented cer- 111 1,11 and deSCIbediel 'feaUI'S tain new and usefulImprovements in Hy- .of construction, arrangement, combination, draulicTransmission Apparatus, of which and principles of o eration, andin somere-A 6o the following is a speciiication, reference be,- spects the'details t IereOf, althouggfhl the de- Aing had therein to theaccompanying Ll'raw-` tlllsmpy be'varied indefinitely Without de- 10inv. parting from the main principles ofthe iinl y invention relates to.hydraulic trans- PI'OVBIIGYD?, S0 ,that I`d0 IIO Wish t0 be remissionapparatus andmore particularly-t0 stricted thereto, excepting'as setforth in the 65 an apparatus operating on hydraulic prinap endedclaims.'

iples by which power from a driving shaft s n a general way,

n the illustrated appara- 1s communicated to a driven shaft, preferllS QlbOdyDg my 'IlVel-IOKICO-IPISQS the ably in a manner which enables therelative three following features. There is firsta l speeds to be variedor controlled at will. `v group of l pulsators adapted to .drive the 70Generally spealdng, such van apparatus liquid through -its circuit saidpulsators bemay be said-to involve a substantially closed ing actuatedfrom a drivin shaft 11,l such circuit of liquid which is pumped'aroundas' an engine shaft. Secondgly'there will -be the circuit through aforce exerted :through at least one driven group of pulsators workthedriving shaft at one point, and whiclrat ing in coperation byl the flowof the trans- 75 another point effects the rotation of vthe mittingliquid so as to cause rotation of-a driven shaft or shafts. i' idriven'shaft 12,/ which' may for `example be The objects of the presentimprovement the rear shaft'of a vehicle. -Thirdly-there are principallyto render practical and o erwill be the communications 0r passages af-Aative such an apparatus where heretoiore fording a'closed liquldcircuitisohthat the'n80 they have .not been practically available,'liquidinay pass from the' driving grou Vof' and to aord a hydraulictransmission complsators tothe driven'g'rou'p and thereion biningsimplicity, eiiiciency, smooth operaback again to the driving group.. f

tion, absence of leakage and durability, and Before describing theoperating mecha- .minimum friction. Anisin I refer to the provision ofanouter 85 I will first describe an apparatus emcasing consisting of thepart- 13 at the drivbodying the present improvement and will ing end andthe part 14 at the driven end,

thereafter set forth the novel features in each having plugs for fillingand draining the appended claims. the casing, so that the casing may bemain- In the accompanying drawings forming tained full of` lubricatingoil, not only for 90 a part hereof, Figure 1 is a horizontal crosssmooth running but alsoin order that any section taken centrally andlongitudinally leakage or deficiency of oil from the inte- 40 of thedriving shaft. Fig. 2 is a ltransverse rior working parts may be readilysupplied crosspsection taken.,on the plane indicated through propervalves. Between the casby the line 2 2 on J1. Figi. 3 is .a par'- ingportions 13 and 14 is'a central partition 95 tial view in perspectiveAshowlng the con- 15 and in this is Vformed a double aperture structionof the adjustable concat the driven 16 one portion of which serves forthe outend which affords a bearing and a valve or going current, and:the other for the curren ports. Fig. 4 is a lsection -takenon the ofliquid returning to the driving group o planerepresented'b the line 4.-4of Fig. l.. pulsators. Any desired transmitting and lou' F1g.'5 1 s asectiona' view ofthe .cone at the lubricating fluid may be employed, undI driven end of the apparatus. Fig. 6 is a prefer for' this purpose anoil 'of suicient /o cross section taken on the plane represented uidityto prevent excessive fr'ction. f by line-66 on Figw. `Iii 7 1s a .view l'willrnw first refer to the driving end f showing the arrangementv o-the hub and of the apparatus,and afterwards expl'amthe 105 l pistonrodsY at each end of the apparatus. driven end. Within the. casing13;.is con- Y with which they are formed, have their supof the shaft 11,the supmember 18 which Specifically this port independently port beinganorded by the is normally stationary;

member 18 is of a hollow affords not only a supporting bearing for thecylinder group, but also a stationary valve for properly directing theoutflow from and inflow to the several cylinders as they revolve. Iprefer that the hollow member 18, constituting a bearing and a valve,shall be in conical formas shown, with lat- 'eral ports in its upper andlower sides and a central partition dividing it into outgoing andincoming passages, corresponding in position with the two portions ofthe double aperture 16 in the separating partition 15 between thedrlvlng and driven ends of the apparatus.

In connection with these features, I have provided a lantern or sixstudded hub secured on the driving shaft 11, and serving as a drivingconnection to the pulsators. By such arrangement the quantity or speedof liquid flow through the apparatus may be governed by bodily shiftingthe revolving group of pulsators, and for this purpose I have providedthe conical member -18 with a sliding base plate 19, arranged verticallyin face contact with the separating partition 15. In order to shift themember 18 to vary the eccentricity as -between the shaft 11 and thepulsator group, I have provided the base plate 19 with va screw threadedenlargement 20 which is lengaged by a screw threaded rod 21, whichpasses through a stuffing box 22 to the exterior of the apparatus whereit may be suitably operated for causing the shifting of the member 18and the pulsator group carried by it.

I prefer that the drum 17' have a bearing contact `with the cone 18 attwo separated points on the surface of the latter, namely at the point2B and at the point 24, where there may be either simple surface contactas shown or a suitable ball bearing arrangement which would precludeleakage of fluid.

At the smaller extremity of the cone 18 is shown a detachable flange 25lhaving a liquid tight thrust bearing 26, which maintains and insuresproper relation between the drum`17 and cone'18. Between the bearingpoints construction and 28 and 24 are located the interior passages inthe drum and also the ports in the cone, so that as the drum revolvesabout the cone there will be effective coperation.

Six pulsators or cylinders with pistons are shown, designated 27 to 82respectively,

arranged in rotation around the drum 17. Within the cylinder 27 is apiston 33, and likewise the remaining cylinders are provided withpistons, 34 to 88 respectively. For th'e operation ofthe piston 33 isshown the connecting rod 89, likewise the remaining pistons are providedwith connecting rods 40 to 44 respectively.

At the inner end of the driving shaft 11 is the lantern or six pointedhub 45 before referred to, havinga central stud 46 and the sixcircumferential pins 47. The six con- .necting rods 39 to 44 extendrespectively to the six circumferential pins of the lantern 45.

While the drum 17-has its support and bearing on the cone 18, itis, ofcourse, driven by the driving shaft 11, and for this purpose one of theconnecting rods 89 is extended as shown at.48 in Fig. 7, so as to engageboth the pin 47 and the central stud 46. This may be considered as amaster rod and obviously it causes the cylinder group to revolve inunison with, although sometimes eccentrically to, the shaft 11. Withthis arrangement, manifestly as each cylinder reaches the position ofcylinder 30 as shown in Fig. 1, its piston is drawn inwardly as shownand when it passes therefrom to the opposite through the eccentricoperation of its connecting rod to the position shown by piston 33 incylinder 27-in Fig. 1.l All of the cylinders during the upper half oftheir4 revolution discharge liquid and during the lower half admitlliquid from the connecting passages. In the drum 17leach cylinder hasits connecting passage extending to the cone member 18. The result isthat all of the cylinders in the upper halfv of their revolutionldischarge liquid into the upper opening or outlet port 50' of the conemember, and during the remainder of their travel the cylinders suck'liquid from the underneath or inlet port 51 inthe cone member.

As already explained, l,the upper and lower interior portions of thecone are divided, and for this purpose 'a horizontal partition 49 isshown which registers with the corresponding partition inv the fixeddividing plate 15.

In order to keep the sliding base plate 19 position it is forcedoutwardly v driven end. Since the ders. If set ecentricallyas shown, thepistons Work in and out are discharging and the other. half sucking.There is consequently a continuous ow of liquid out of the drivingend-of the apparatus and a corresponding inow from the amount and rateof discharge and inilowwill vary according to the stroke of the pistons,it is' obvious that the adjustment of the cone member 18 toward Ior froma concentric position will vary the hydraulic Thus for example,referring to Fig. 1, ifjthe cone member 18 and the cylinder groupcarried by it be adjusted in a direction awa from the stuiiing box 22,(see Fig. 1,) sotiiat the axis of the cone comes into line with thedriving shaft 11, the rotary parts will then-be concentric and thepiston Stroke reduced to nothing, so that there will be no liquid flowand no hydraulic transmission of power. Intermediate positions permit aninfinite degree of speed control and an adjustmentto the other side ofthe-central position would obviously reverse the action of each c linderso as to cause a reverse flow of liqlnd, As will below appear, thesereversals or adjustments of liquid flow cause corresponding reversals oradjustments of speed of the driven shaft 12 at the other end of theapparatus` Obviously the above particularly described driving mechanismmight be employed to operate a driven mechanism of variousconstructions, but it is more particui larly adapted to a drivenmechanism which,

as shown, has a structure which is complementary to the drivingmechanism', andthe two are in fact adapted to be combined in closejuxtaposition in substantially a single casing as shown.` It may also besaid that the driven mechanismshown would in some cases be operable witha different driving mechanism. Therefore, I desire to claim the novelfeatures disclosed whether applied to the driving mechanism or thedriven mechanism or both. v

In its main respects, the driven mechanism is the complement of thedriving mechp the inner anism, thus the former has a drum 61 carrying agroup of cylinder and piston pulsators, and this drum is supported onwhich serves both-as a bearing for the drum `and as a stationary valve.At the driven end, however, preferably the cone 62 is secured by screws63 against shifting or adjustment. Adjustment of ec'centricity at oneside lonly of the' appara-tus is suflicient, although it might be insome cases effected at both sides. The drum 61 bears against the cone'62at the outer bearing point 64 and bearing point 65 and a thrust bearing66 is provided as before. On the drum 61 are six cylinders 67 ,eachcontaining piston 68, one of which has the master connecting rod 69 bywhich the drum 61 and so that half vof them the cone ,62.

shaft 12 revolve in unison. The remaining pistons have the connectingrods-70 and all six connecting rods extend from the pistons to thelantern hub 71 carried on the driven shaft, saidlhub having stud 72 andthe six peripheral pins 73.

The cone bearing 62 has its horizontal central partition 74 formingupper and lower passages and the conical surface is formed with an upperport 75 and a lower port 76.

At any convenient point in the apparatus between the pulsator groups maybe provided a cut-out valve such, for example, as the conical valve 81located for convenience so as to constitute a part of the centralpartition 74 of the cone 62. This valve may be withdrawn by rod 82 so asto open the;VA artition and thereby afford a short circ' t so that theowing liquid may pass directly back to the driving end without causingoperation of the driven mechanism. This device may be used to disconnectthe power in 'an emergency.

The fixed relation between the pulsator group carried on drum 61 and thedriven shaft 12 gives the cylinders 67 and pistons 68 a iixed action orstroke. therefore as the direction or extent of liquid flow produced inthe driving mechanism may be changed, the directionvor speed of rotationof the driven shaft will correspondingly change.

It will thus be seen that I have described an apparatus accomplishingthe objects and advantages hereinbefore recited, and other advantageswill be apparent to those skilled in the art.

An important and 3 is a pair of check example of the ball type,eachadapted to admit liquid to the circuit and to prevent outfiow. Forconvenience these are placed at the upper and lower sides of the cone18, one serving during the forward operation of the mechanism and theother during the reverse, to admit any necessary small quantiprovisionseen in Figs.' 1 valves 53, 54, for

-ties of liquid to make up any deficiency thereby preventing theoccurrence of a vacuum and the hammering action that would result.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A hydraulic transmission apparatus including in combination a drivenmechanism operated by liquid How, and a driving mech-` anism, the lattercomprising a Arevoluble l2. A hydraulic transmission apparatus includingin combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow, and a drivingmechanism, the latter comprising a revoluble pullpul'sator-group anddrum supported on a sator-group supported on a non-revoluble bearing,and a device actuated by the driving shaft for operating said pulsators;and

means for bodily shifting the position of the pulsator group to vary orreverse the liquid 3. A hydraulic transmission apparatus including incombination a driven mechanism operated by liquidflow, and a drivingmechanism, the latter comprising a pulsatorgroup, a revoluble drumcarrying said pulsator group, a non-revoluble bearing supporting saiddrum, a device actuated by the driving shaft for operating saidpulsators, and means for directing the discharge and suction of thepulsators to maintain a continuous flow; and means for shifting saiddrum to vary or reverse the liquid flow.

4. A hydraulic transmission apparatus including in combination a drivenmechanism operated by liquid iow,`and a driving mechanism, the lattercomprising a pulsatorgroup, a revoluble drum carrying saidpulsator-group, a non-revoluble bearing sup, porting said drum, and adevice actuated by the driving shaft for operating said pulsators; saidbearing having ports for directing the discharge and suction to maintaina continuous flow; and means for shifting said bearing with the drum andpulsator-group to vary or reverse the liquid flow.

5. A hydraulic transmission apparatus comprising in combination with adriven mechanism operated by liquid iuid and having a revolublepulsator-group, a fluid-tight non-revoluble bearing supporting saidpulsator-group, a liquid controlling driving mechanism comprising arevoluble pulsatorgroup, a fluid-tight non-revoluble bearing supportingsaid last named pulsator-group, a device actuated by the driving shaftfor operating said last named pulsators, and means for bodily shiftingthe position of said last named pulsator-group to vary or reverse theliquid flow.

6. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid How, atleast one of said mechanisms comprising a revoluble drum, apulsator-group carried by said drum, a device in operative connectionwith one of the shafts for controlling said pulsators by eccentricity,and a stationary hollow member affording a bearing support for said drumand provided with outlet and inlet ports for directing the discharge andadmission of the pulsators.

7 Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a'closed ber aiording a liquid circuit between thedriven and driving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causingliquid ow, at least one of said mechanisms comprising a revoluble drum,a pulsator-group carried by said drum, a device in operative connectionwith one of the shafts for controlling said pulsators by eccentricity,and a stationary hollow membearing support for said drum and providedwith outlet and inlet ports for directing the discharge and admission ofthe pulsators; together` with means for shifting said hollow member to vvary the eccentricity between said pulsatorgroup and shaft,

8. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid ow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said drum, a device inoperating connection with one of the shafts for controlling saidpulsators by eccentricity, and a hollow conical member affording abearing support for said drum and provided with outlet and inlet portsfor directing the discharge and admission of the pulsators.

9. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said drulm, a device inoperating connection with one of the shafts for controlling saidpulsators by eccentricity, and a hollow conical member affording abearing support for said drum and provided with outlet and inlet portsfor directing the discharge and admission of the pulsators, and aninternal partition for affording outlet and inlet passages.

10. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid iow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between thedriven and drivingmechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flow about suchcircuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising a revoluble drum, apulsator-grcup carried by said drum, a device in operating connectionwith one of the shafts for controlling said pulsators by eccentricity,and a hollow conical member affording a bearing support for said drumand provided with outlet and inlet ports for directing the discharge andadmission of the pulsators having two sepallO rated bearing points forsaid drum on its conical surface, and a thrust bearing between cone anddrum, and having outlet and inlet ports located between -said separatedbearing points. v

11. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said drum, a device inoperating'connection with one of the shafts for controlling saidpulsators by eccentricity, and a hollow conical member affording abearing support for said drum and provided with outlet and inlet portsfor directing the discharge and admission of the pulsators; andadjusting means for shifting said conev without closing said passagesand so as to .change the eccentricity between said pulsatorgroup andshaft.

lZHydraulic apparatus for transmission ofpower between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said drum, a hub device inoperating connection with one of the shafts for both causing therevolutions of said'drum, and

' controlling said pulsators by eccentricity,

and a hollow conical member affording a bearing support for said drumand provided with outlet'and inlet ports for directing the discharge andadmission of the'pulsatorsl 13. A hydraulic transmission apparatusincluding in combination a driven mechanism, a driven shaft, a closedliquid circuit between the driven and driving mechanisms, a drivingmechanism, a driving shaft, one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble pulsator-group and, as a connection between the shaft andpulsators a lantern hub on the shaft a seriesof connecting rods from thepins thereof to the pulsators, and means for locking one of said -rodsto the hub for causing the revolution of the actuator group.

14. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in lcombination a driven mechanism operated by liquid flow,passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said drum, a device inoperatingconnection with one of the shafts for controlling saidpulsators by eccentricity, and a hollow conical member affording abearing Isupport for said drum and provided with outlet and lnletportsfor directing the discharge and admission of the pulsators; and one ormore inlet check valves for the circuit.

X15. Hydraulic apparatus for transmission of power between two shaftsincluding in combination a driven mechanism operated` by liquid flow',passages affording a closed liquid circuit between the driven anddriving mechanisms, and a driving'mechanism for causing liquid flowabout such circuit, at least one of said mechanisms comprising arevoluble drum, a pulsator-group carried by said druma device inoperating connection with one of the shafts for controlling saidpulsators by eccentricity, and a hollow conical member affording abearing support for said drum'and provided with outlet and inlet portsfor directing the discharge and admission of the pulsators; and saidapparatus containing a cut out valve for opening a liquid short circuitinter, mediate 'of said pulsator-group and the other of said mechanisms.y

In testimony whereofvI aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JosnrH DE' MARTINO.

admitting liquid to Witnesses:

DONALD CAMPBELL, WM. J. DoLAN.

